Respondent Behavior Logging: A Design Science Research Inquiry into Web Survey Paradata

This paper introduces a framework for Respondent Behavior Logging (RBL), consisting of static and dynamic models that conceptualize respondent behavior when filling in online questionnaires, and visualization techniques and measurement constructs for RBL data. Web survey design may benefit from paradata logging as a technique for evaluation, since such data may prove useful during the re-design of questionnaires. Although other aspects of online surveys have attracted considerable attention both in the industry and in literature, it is still underexplored how the Web may leverage new and innovative techniques to support survey design. The RBL framework is evaluated using a focus group and through an experimental survey with 120 participants. We elaborate on implications for research and practice in an informed argument.