Radiological Signs of Tumor Dissemination

Imaging provides important information on the extent of tumor spread. Therefore, the imaging doctor must be knowledgeable on the mechanisms that underlie tumor dissemination and aware of the possible routes of tumor spread. In this chapter, radiological features for each dissemination pathway, i.e., local and lymphatic spread, perineural invasion, and metastatic dissemination, will be reviewed with a focus on hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors.