Photonic crystals: Crystal growth processing and physical properties

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses crystal-growth fundamentals and the dependence of the crystal-growth process on the physical and chemical state of the solid–liquid interface. Convection is a key transport mechanism that affects the shape of the crystal–melt interface, the concentration distribution, and macro–micro defects. However, this chapter focuses on only basic differential equations and the simplest concepts—such as a few important nondimensional numbers (Re, Gr, Pr, Sc, Ra, and Ma). Crystal growth by the Czochralski, modified Bridgman–Stockbarger, top-seeded solution, and low-temperature solution growth methods are summarized and adequate details are given for fabricating the systems designed and used in laboratory for the growth of high-quality crystals. To further assist in designing and fabricating good equipment for growing crystals by melt processes, information on heating methods, temperature control techniques, and the selection of suitable crucible materials is provided.