Neuromorphic computing: Devices, hardware, and system application facilitated by two-dimensional materials

Conventional computing based on von Neumann architecture cannot satisfy the demands of artificial intelligence (AI) applications anymore. Neuromorphic computing, emulating structures and principles based on the human brain, provides an alternative and promising approach for efficient and low consumption information processing. Herein, recent progress in neuromorphic computing enabled by emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials is introduced from devices design and hardware implementation to system integration. Especially, the advances of hopeful artificial synapses and neurons utilizing the resistive-switching-based devices, 2D ferroelectric-based memories and transistors, ultrafast flash, and promising transistors with attractive structures are highlighted. The device features, performance merits, bottlenecks, and possible improvement strategies, along with large-scale brain-inspired network fulfillment, are presented. Challenges and prospects of system application for neuromorphic computing are briefly discussed, shedding light on its great potential for AI.