Enhanced performance of bixin sensitized TiO 2 solar cells with activated kaolinite

Many organic dyes from natural extracts have been applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and reported in [1]-[8]. The natural dyes are obtained by purification from fruits, flowers, and leaves of plants. So far, the natural dyes give conversion efficiencies from 0.2%–7.6%. Thus, structure modification of the natural dyes promises to improve the efficiencies.