Biomass logistics: financial & environmental costs. Case study: 2 MW electrical power plants.

Abstract Biomass is so diverse that special care must always be taken in designing plants to handle biomass-based fuels and in the process for its collection, preparation and transportation, because its energy density is such that far greater volumes need to be transported than in the case of fossil fuels. This means higher costs and more associated CO 2 emissions. This paper examines the following points concerned with the logistics of biomass: optimum biomass transport distances to plants, transport costs, CO 2 emissions relative to CO 2 avoided and the surface areas required to grow or collect biomass. Particular emphasis is placed on the logistics of biomass-fired electric power plants rated at 2 MW electrical, a size that enables electric power distribution to be decentralised. The findings reveal that the maximum cost of logistics (not including any collection and preparation stages) is €11.05 per tonne, with emissions amounting to 0.69% of the total CO 2 avoided, for the worst-case scenario of distances averaging 100 km around the plant.