Monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in a model of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension by PC cine MRI

Objective To explore the monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in a model of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension in Guangxi Bama-Mini pigs by phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC cine MRI). Methods Femoral artery blood were extracted from 10 pigs, and injected into the frontal and temporal parietal lobe to make a model of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were monitored. Routine T1WI, T2WI, coronal, sagittal and cerebrospinal fluid flow sequence (fast PC cine slice) which positioned on the cervical 3 (C3) vertebral body as the center and perpendicular to the spinal scans were performed on all experimental animals before and after blood injection with 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The ICP, MAP, CPP, the absolute values ​​of CSF peak flow velocity and the absolute value of carotid peak flow velocity before and after blood injection were compared. Results The ICP, MAP , CPP, and the absolute value of CSF peak flow velocity before injection of autologous arterial blood were statistically significant as compared with those after blood injection [(6.80±2.044) mmHg vs (52.20±1.619) mmHg, (76.80±7.068) mmHg vs (142.80±12.399) mmHg, (70.00±6.074) mmHg vs (90.50±12.250) mmHg, and the absolute value of CSF peak flow velocity was (243.20±77.671) mm/s vs (201.40±55.482) mm/s, respectively, P 0.05]. Conclusion After the formation of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension, the CSF flow in the C3 level spinal canal showed a low dynamic change, and the CSF flow velocity waveform was disordered and malformed. The non-invasive measurement of CSF dynamics by PC cine MRI can provide an important basis for the change of CSF dynamics in the model of brain herniation induced by acute intracranial hypertension, and provide a theoretical basis for further research on damage control neurosurgery in the future. Key words: Phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging; Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics; Intracranial hypertension; Brain herniation; Pig