Identification of Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria

Introduction 67 Characteristics for Initial Identification 68 Gram Stain 68 Colony Morphology 70 Pigment Production 70 Growth on MacConkey Agar 70 Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar 71 Oxidase 71 Additional Conventional Biochemical Tests 71 Acid from Carbohydrates 72 Catalase 72 Citrate Utilization 72 Decarboxylation of Lysine, Arginine, and Ornithine 73 Indole Production 73 Motility 73 Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP) 74 Nitrate Reduction 74 Urease 75 Commercial Identification Systems 75 Molecular Analysis 75 Acknowledgments 76 References 76