Unilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex does not affect cognition in patients with fibromyalgia.

Abstract Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes in neuronal activity that may affect cognition. We assessed cognitive functions, in patients with fibromyalgia participating in a sham-controlled randomized trial of rTMS for pain management. We randomly assigned 38 non depressed fibromyalgia patients (American College of Rheumatology criteria) to the active ( n  = 20) and sham ( n  = 18) rTMS treatment groups, in a double-blind manner. rTMS was applied to the left primary motor cortex (10 Hz at 80% of rest motor threshold). Neuropsychological tests were performed immediately before stimulation, to evaluate episodic memory, selective and divided attention and executive functions at baseline, week 3 (after 7 rTMS sessions) and week 11 (after 11 rTMS sessions). The actively treated and sham-treated groups were similar in terms of clinical and neuropsychological variables at baseline. No difference in overall neuropsychological performance with respect to baseline was found between these two groups, but a significant improvement over time was observed in the rTMS group, for several measurements of attention/executive function (the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the Stroop Color Word Test). Unilateral rTMS of the motor cortex over a three-month period did not modify cognitive functions in patients with chronic pain. rTMS may have mild beneficial cognitive effects, but confirmation is required in larger groups of patients.