OPERATING TEMPERATURE AND RETENTION TIME EFFECTS ON THE THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESS OF SWINE MANURE
2000
A thermochemical conversion (TCC) reactor was developed to process swine manure for waste reduction and
energy production. The operating temperature and retention time are the two key parameters affecting the process.
Carbon monoxide (CO) was employed as the reductive reagent. The investigated ranges of the operating temperature and
retention time were 275°C ~ 350°C (corresponding operating pressures were 7 ~ 18 MPa) and 5 ~ 120 min, respectively.
The pH value of the fresh swine manure (pH= 6.1), CO to VS ratio (CO:VS = 0.07 by weight or CO initial pressure p ini =
690 kPa), and total solids content (TS = 20%) were kept constant for all the experiments in this study. No extra catalyst
was added in the experiments because of the presence of plentiful minerals and carbonates. The operating temperature
was the most important factor affecting the TCC process. No substantial oil product yield was achieved unless the
temperature reached 285°C or above. Temperature higher than 335°C led to solid char formation. Retention time affected
the completeness of the TCC process. The retention time for achieving high oil yield and quality was largely dependent
upon the operating temperature levels. The suggested operating temperature and retention time for the TCC process are
295°C to 305°C and 15 to 30 min, respectively.
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