Ultrasound Techniques and Procedural Pearls

This chapter provides a basic introduction to ultrasound and its use in interventional procedures. We will discuss several ways to improve image quality and optimize the features of ultrasound that make it an invaluable tool. Sonographic anatomy of the relevant spinal structures and landmarks will be reviewed. In this atlas, we will discuss “hybrid” techniques in which ultrasound and fluoroscopy are combined to enhance safety and precision, minimize discomfort, and reduce radiation exposure for interventional procedures.