Physical Exercise Improves Glucose Metabolism in Lifestyle-Related Diseases:

The beneficial effects of physical exercise on the decreased insulin sensitivity caused by detrimental lifestyle were reviewed based on experimental evidences. In epidemiological studies, disease prevention has been considered at three levels: primary (avoiding the occurrence of disease), secondary (early detection and reversal), and tertiary (prevention or delay of complications). The major purpose of physical exercise for primary prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases is to improve insulin sensitivity. It is known that, during physical exercise, glucose uptake by the working muscles rises 7 to 20 times over the basal level, depending on the intensity of the work performed. However, intense exercise provokes the release of insulin-counter regulatory hormones such as glucagons and catecholamines, which ultimately cause a reduction in the insulin action. Continued physical training improves the reduced peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin in impaired glucose tolerance and Type II diabet...