Fabrication, characterization and osseointegration of bonegraft incorporated with leaf extracts of Ormocarpum Sennoides and biocompatible polymers

Abstract Allogenous grafts with excellent biocompatibility and immuno-compatibility play a major role in most of the biomedical applications. In this regard, the present study focuses on fabricating a novel bone graft material containing biopolymers and phytochemicals which can replace the use of autogenous graft with high biocompatibility and osteogenecity. Based on this, a bone graft material was synthesized using biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), casein (CA), hen egg yolk (EY) and leaf extracts of Ormocarpum sennoides (Os). Two types of bone grafts namely group I (BCP-EY) and II (BCP-CA-Os-EY) were prepared and processed. The processed grafts were subjected to various characterizations like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and mechanical strength to show its chemical composition, stability and porosity. Further, the osteogenecity of the grafts were analyzed by performing invivo studies using wistar male albino rats. Samples were subjected to biochemical, radiological and histopathological analyses. Among the two grafts, graft II containing Ormocarpum sennoides extract showed excellent osteogenicity both invitro and invivo and hence it can be utilized in various biomedical applications like orthopedics, dental fillings, bone tissue engineering and in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.