Carcinoembryonic Antigen as a Predictive Biomarker of Response to Nivolumab in Non–small Cell Lung Cancer

AIM: To find new predictive factors for the efficient use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we evaluated consecutive patients treated with nivolumab between January and October 2016 after second-line systemic chemotherapy. The endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. RESULTS: A total of 189 patients were included in the study. Sixty-four percent had received two or more prior systemic therapies. In Cox proportional hazard analyses, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 2 or more, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥217 mg/dl, and carcinoembryonic antigen ≥13.8 ng/ml were independently associated with inferior PFS. LDH was not associated in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: In patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab, worse pretreatment performance status, and higher carcinoembryonic antigen were associated with inferior PFS.