Selective Photoelectrochemical Detection of DNA with High-Affinity Metallointercalator and Tin Oxide Nanoparticle Electrode

Selective detection of double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) in solution was achieved by photoelectrochemistry using a high-affinity DNA intercalator, Ru(bpy)2dppz (bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2‘,3‘-c]phenazine) as the signal indicator and tin oxide nanoparticle as electrode material. When Ru(bpy)2dppz alone was irradiated with 470-nm light, anodic photocurrent was detected on the semiconductor electrode due to electron injection from its excited state into the conduction band of the electrode. The current was sustained in the presence of oxalate in solution, which acted as a sacrificial electron donor to regenerate the ground-state metal complex. After addition of double-stranded calf thymus DNA into the solution, photocurrent dropped substantially. The drop was attributed to the intercalation of Ru(bpy)2dppz into DNA and, consequently, the reduced mass diffusion of the indicator to the electrode, as well as electrostatic repulsion between oxalate anion and negative charges on DNA. The degree of ...