Indigenous Transmission of Mycobacterium africanum in Canada: A Case Series and Cluster Analysis

: Mycobacterium africanum is an important cause of human tuberculosis and is found almost exclusively in West Africa. We identified a cluster of patients in Montreal, Canada, with M africanum disease that share identical genotypic signatures by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing and a putative epidemiological link, thus providing evidence of possible local transmission of M africanum in Montreal over a 10-year period.