Intestinal barrier dysfunction following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause non-neurological injuries to other organs such as the intestine. Newer studies have shown that paracellular hyperpermeability is the basis of intestinal barrier dysfunction following TBI. Ischemia–reperfusion injury, inflammatory response, abnormal release of neurotransmitters and hormones, and malnutrition contribute to TBI-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Several interventions that may protect intestinal barrier function and promote the recovery of TBI have been proposed, but relevant studies are still limited. This review is to clarify the established mechanisms of intestinal barrier dysfunction following TBI and to describe the possible strategies to reduce or prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction.