Assessment of off-normal emissions from hazardous waste incinerators: Part II: Assessment of off-normal emission intensity and total emission

Abstract This is the second paper in a series of papers which report the results of a study of off-normal emissions from operation of a liquid injection hazardous waste incinerator. Reported in this paper are the results of off-normal emission intensity and total off-normal emissions using probabilistic methods. The results show that, in general, the total off-normal emissions per year for the scenarios analyzed are roughly the same magnitude as the total normal annual emissions for principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) and acid gases, and are much lower for particulates. Hence, it appears that for modern liquid injection incinerators, designed and operated according to the assumptions of this study, the off-normal emissions for any emission category may not be significantly large, large enough to increase the order of the magnitude of the overall risk, unless extremely toxic or dangerous wastes are incinerated, and a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.9999% is sought.