Cumulative Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Among Surgeons During Intraoperative Cholangiography

Background Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), even though is an important tool in biliary surgery, it is still a matter of debate when used as a routine procedure, this supported in the surgical and legal safety for the patient and the surgeon. We do not have knowledge of the real expositional risk of the surgeon to ionizing radiation (IR) during the cholangiography procedure, because many surgeons do not use protection and dosimeters, so we cannot determine occupational radiation exposure.