Elite taxation, rent-seeking and income inequality in Brazil

"Brazil is a notable case of high fiscal income inequality coexisting with a weak regulatory personal income tax. These findings are a clear reflection of the separation of incomes in the country for fiscal purposes. As one moves up in the pre-tax fiscal income distribution, it is the sources of income received that matter most for the individual tax burden (Morgan, 2017). And such a fiscal separation of income can have a positive feedback on pre-tax income inequality. Figure 1 shows the different average effective tax rates applying on different categories of income in Brazil in 2015". (...)