Agrobiological assessment of broccoli hybrids under the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
2018
Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive agrobiological assessment of broccoli hybrids Brassica oleracea L. convar. b otrytis (L.) Alef. var. с ymosa Duch. in terms of the key agronomic traits under the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The object of the study was the following foreign broccoli hybrids: ‘Lucky F 1 ’ (reference), ‘Batavia F 1 ’, ‘Belstar F 1 ’, ‘Monaco F 1 ’, and ‘Rumba F 1 ’. Phenological observations, biometric measurements, and records were conducted in accordance with the Methodology of Experiments in Vegetable and Melons (2001). Results. On average over the years of research, the highest yield was obtained from hybrids ‘Monaco F 1 ’ (41.2 t/ha) and ‘Rumba F 1 ’ (38.0 t/ha). A slightly lower yield was in ‘Belstar F 1 ’ (32.3 t/ha) and ‘Batavia F 1 ’ (29.6 t/ha). In general, all hybrids under investigation provided a significant yield increase (6.3–17.9 t/ha) compared to reference ‘Lucky F 1 ’ (23.3 t/ha). The largest diameter of the main head was recorded in the hybrids ‘Rumba F 1 ’ (19.7 cm), ‘Monaco F 1 ’ (20.5 cm) and the smallest in ‘Lucky F 1 ’ (14.3 cm). The weight of the main head of all hybrids was significantly higher than that of reference (295 g): ‘Batavia F 1 ’ 451 g, ‘Belstar F 1 ’ 477 g, ‘Rumba F 1 ’ 514 g, and ‘Monaco F 1 ’ 542 g. The weight of the side heads of the broccoli ranged from 328 g (‘Lucky F 1 ’) to 807 g (‘Monaco F 1 ’). The highest biochemical indicators of commodity product were provided by hybrids ‘Rumba F 1 ’ and ‘Monaco F 1 ’: the total dry matter content was 11.3 and 11.6%, soluble solids 6.4 and 6.7%, sugars 3.5 and 3.8%, and vitamin C 89.3 and 98.7 mg/100 g, respectively. Conclusions. Under the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it is recommended to grow new foreign broccoli hybrids ‘Rumba F 1 ’ and ‘Monaco F 1 ’, which ensure high yield and quality of commodity product. According to the results of the agrobiological assessment, a typical model of broccoli variety is proposed, which may serve as a project for the development of the evaluation form for ability indicators of Brassica oleracea L. convar. b otrytis (L.) Alef. var. с ymosa Duch. for distribution inUkraine.
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