Spin transfer torque switching in exchange-coupled amorphous GdFeCo/TbFe bilayers for thermally assisted MRAM application

Exchange-coupled amorphous GdFeCo/TbFe memory layers in giant magneto-resistance (GMR) devices for spin transfer torque (STT) switching have been studied, and temperature dependence of the critical current density of the GMR devices was measured to discuss the effect of exchange-coupled bilayers as a memory layer of the thermally assisted magnetic random access memory (MRAM). The GMR devices having amorphous GdFeCo and TbFe memory bilayers with various thicknesses were prepared by magnetron sputtering and subsequent micro-fabrication processes. A pulsed current was applied to the GMR devices in order to investigate the spin transfer torque (STT) switching. The maximum magneto-resistance (MR) ratio was around 0.15%, and the coercivity of the memory bilayer increased with the TbFe thickness and decreased with elevating temperature. The critical current densities J c to switch the memory bilayer with structure of Gd21.4 (Fe90Co10)78.6(9 nm)/Tb16Fe84 (1 nm) as low as 2.2 × 107 A cm−2 was obtained. The J c reduced with increasing the temperature and was found to scale with the effective anisotropy K eff of GdFeCo/TbFe bilayer, which is believed to be suitable for the application of thermally assisted STT-MRAM.