Comorbidities Often Associated with Brain Damage in Hypertension: Diabetes, Coronary Artery Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Several comorbidities are often associated to patients with essential hypertension. The coexistence of different risk factors and diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) can increase the incidence of brain damage. Moreover, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is also associated with an increased risk of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. This chapter will address the associations between these diseases and conditions and hypertension and the mechanisms involved in the acceleration of the stroke-related and cognitive decline burden induced by high blood pressure values in these patients.