Advances in micro- and nano bubbles technology for application in biochemical processes

Abstract Poor mass transfer in gas–liquid systems is still a major bottleneck in many biological processes which limits effective bioconversions. Nano bubble technology (NBT) is an emerging platform which offers an immense boost in several biochemical processes. Tailored application of micro and nanobubbles (MNBs) with precise tuning with gas types and dosing rates were important for biological growth enhancement as well as growth control. From recent studies, nano gas bubbles with a diameter