Electrostatic hazards of explosive, propellant and pyrotechnic powders

Electrostatic charges developed during the handling and processing of bulk powders such as explosive, propellant and pyrotechnic powders, can be sufficient to cause ignition under certain conditions. This paper addresses the electrostatic hazards in terms of electrostatic charging mechanisms, charge accumulation and electrostatic discharge conditions. Processing and handling conditions which are safe from an electrostatic discharge standpoint are identified relative to powder electrostatic characteristics.