Fisiologia do equilíbrio Physiology of balance

Purpose: To know the factors that influence balance and postural control, as the associations and interconnections between the sensitive-sensorial system, Central Nervous System (CNS) and neuromuscular response. Material and Methods: It was done a literature review with published books and databases. Results: The postural control is essential to the maintainance of the balance. The obtainment of sensorial informations occurs through the visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems and they are conducted to the CNS, where they are integrated and processed by the brain, cerebellum, basal ganglia and brainstem. Numerous descending and ascending pathways depart and pass through from the brainstem which will regulate the tonus, the movements and several reflexes. Conclusions: The human body is in a constant search of balance, whose control involves a complex net of pathways, allowing the “central comand” (CNS) to be constantly modified and regulated by the peripheral feedback. The balance is a multiorganic function that requires a global approach.