平板矩形大开孔结构补强设计及效果研究 Study of the Reinforcement Design and Effects on the Structure of a Plate with a Large Rectangular Opening

本文采用有限元法，模拟了带有矩形大开孔的平板在压力作用下的应力分布及特点，并研究了强度补强方法与补强效果，发现最大应力出现在大开孔接管圆弧拐角处，结构上的应力主要是弯曲应力；和圆筒体开孔结构不同，平板补强圈补强没有明显效果，甚至适得其反；而由于增加了结构的弯曲刚度，厚壁管补强和加强筋补强都能有效降低开孔接管与平板连接处的应力集中，特别是当加强筋平行于短边并靠近开孔拐角布置时，补强效果最显著。 In this paper, finite element method is applied to simulate the stress distribution at the structure of a plate with a large retangular opening under the transverse pressure with the concentration on the reinforcement methods and effects. It is found that the maximum stress occurs at the round corner of the nozzle at the opening and the stress is mainly the bending one. Unlike on a cylinder, a reinforcement ring is not effective to reinforce the plate with rectangular opening. By increasing the bending stiffness, adding the nozzle thickness or applying reinforcement ribs can effectively reinforce the strength of the plate with opening. Specifically, when the reinforcement ribs are parallel to the short edge of the nozzle at the opening and close to the round corner, the reinforcing effect is the most significant.