LA CONCENTRACION ECONOMICA EN EL AEROTRANSPORTE COMERCIAL DE PASAJEROS, DESPUES DE LA DESREGULACION

Se presentan los resultados de una investigacion sobre la concentracion economica en los segmentos troncal y regional de la aviacion comercial mexicana, en el periodo entre 1991 y 2010. Para medir la concentracion economica se ha utilizado el indice de Gini, calculado por medio del numero de pasajeros transportados anualmente por las empresas participantes en el mercado. En el segmento troncal el indicador ha disminuido consistentemente en el periodo analizado. Actualmente, la demanda se distribuye de manera mas uniforme que al principio y no existe alguna empresa predominante. En el segmento regional, el indicador disminuyo durante quince anos, para regresar consistentemente hacia al rango inicial durante los ultimos cinco. Actualmente la concentracion es similar a la que existia en los noventa y se considera alta, por la predominancia de una empresa en el mercado. En ambos segmentos, el numero de empresas participantes es muy limitado y ademas se ha reducido en los ultimos anos. Muchas empresas han ingresado al negocio, pero pocas han logrado permanecer. La estructura del mercado no puede considerarse en competencia perfecta, pues se asemeja mas a una condicion de competencia monopolica u oligopolica, dependiendo del grado de diferenciacion economica del producto que ofrezcan las aerolineas. Se incluyen figuras, tablas y conclusiones. Abstract: The results of a research into the economic concentration of the trunk and regional segments of the Mexican public aviation in the 1991 - 2010 period are presented. The economic concentration is measured by the Gini coefficient, which has been calculated with the passengers transported yearly by the participating airlines. In the trunk segment the Gini index has diminished along the studied period. For today demand is more uniformly distributed than in the period's beginning and there is no dominant airline in the market. For the regional segment the Gini index has diminished its value in the first fifteen years, but has consistently returned to the initial values in the last five years. For today concentration is similar than to the 1990's and we consider it high, for the market predominance of one airline. Both segments have a very limited number of participant airlines, and with the number decreasing in recent years. Many companies had entered in to the business, but only a few have remained. Therefore the market structure can not be considered as a perfect competition, but more as a monopolistic competition or in an oligopolist arrangement, depending on the product economic differentiation offered by the participant airlines.