Mechanical model and superelastic properties of carbon microcoils with circular cross-section

Here we report on an unconventional Ni–P alloy-catalyzed, high-throughput, highly reproducible chemical vapor deposition of ultralong carbon microcoils using acetylene precursor in the temperature range 700–750 °C. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that the carbon microcoils have a unique double-helix structure and a uniform circular cross-section. It is shown that double-helix carbon microcoils have outstanding superelastic properties. The microcoils can be extended up to 10–20 times of their original coil length, and quickly recover the original state after releasing the force. A mechanical model of the carbon coils with a large spring index is developed to describe their extension and contraction. Given the initial coil parameters, this mechanical model can successfully account for the geometric nonlinearity of the spring constants for carbon micro- and nanocoils, and is found in a good agreement with the experimental data in the whole stretching process.