Effects of a positron-emitting VANADIUM-48 nitinol stent on experimental restenosis in porcine coronary arteries ☆: An injury–response study

Background. The major limitation of coronary stenting is restenosis due to exaggerated neointimal thickening. We evaluated a positron-emitting V48 nitinol stent in a porcine coronary model of restenosis. Methods and Results. Pigs (n = 16) received a control nonradioactive and a V48 stent (1.5 or 10.6 μCi) randomized to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA). Histology, morphometric variables, and strut injury scores were evaluated after 32 days. Peristrut fibrinoid deposits were greater in the high-dose group (p < 0.0001). Control stent area stenosis (AS) and mean neointimal thickness (NIT) correlated with injury (r = 0.81 and 0.79, respectively). Higher-dose stents reduced AS by 20% (0.57 ± 0.13 vs. 0.71 ± 0.16; p = 0.029) and mean NIT by 35% (0.44 ± 0.16 vs. 0.71 ± 0.24mm; p = 0.001) compared with controls. Lower-dose 1.5-μCi stents did not differ from controls. NIT over individual struts was reduced in the high-dose group compared with controls by 0.18 mm for grade 1 injury, 0.31 mm for grade 2, and 0.38 mm for grade 3 (p < 0.02 for all comparisons). Conclusions. 1.5-μCi V48 nitinol stents did not influence vessel histology or restenotic parameters in pig coronary arteries. In contrast, 10.6-μCi stents created a distinctive histological picture consisting of increased fibrinoid deposits on the neointimal-facing side of the struts without cellular organization. Higher dose radioactive stents significantly reduced AS and mean NIT. The reduction in neointimal thickening was greatest when the depth of strut penetration into the vascular wall was most severe.