Acute responses to barefoot 5 km treadmill running involve changes in landing kinematics and delayed onset muscle soreness

Abstract Background Barefoot running has gained popularity among physical activity practitioners, but there is a lack of information regarding the acute adaptations to this running technique without supervision. Information about acute adaptations can help to define the best way to insert barefoot running in the routine of runners willing to, and also provide orientation for those people who want to experience this technique. Research question What acute adaptations can be observed among recreational runners exposed to barefoot running? Methods Sagittal 2D kinematics, plantar pressure, foot sensitivity and delayed onset muscle soreness were compared between conditions of shod and barefoot running in 13 recreational runners who performed two trials of 5 km treadmill running. Results We found an acute effect of barefoot running on foot landing that changes from a rearfoot strike to a forefoot strike pattern. This change most likely contributed to the increase in neuromuscular recruitment of calf muscles (i.e. gastrocnemius and soleus) resulting in higher perception of delayed onset muscle soreness. Barefoot running also elicited higher stride cadence. Plantar pressure before and after running revealed higher pressure in the different foot regions after barefoot running. Foot sensitivity increased after running regardless of the footwear condition. Conclusion Barefoot running has acute effects on running technique including higher perception of delayed onset muscle soreness in the 48 h following the exercise. Significance Our results highlight the importance of following participants for days after a first session of barefoot running in order to properly manage the acute adaptation periods as well provide precise advices for those trying the barefoot technique.