Interplay between polydispersity, inelasticity, and roughness in the freely cooling regime of two-dimensional granular gases

A polydisperse granular gas made of inelastic and rough hard disks is considered. Focus is laid on the kinetic-theory derivation of the partial energy production rates and the total cooling rate as functions of the partial densities and temperatures (both translational and rotational) and of the parameters of the mixture (masses, diameters, moments of inertia, and mutual coefficients of normal and tangential restitution). The results are applied to the homogeneous cooling state of the system and the associated nonequipartition of energy among the different components and degrees of freedom. A noteworthy "mimicry" effect is unveiled, according to which a polydisperse gas of disks having common values of the coefficient of restitution and of the reduced moment of inertia can be made indistinguishable from a monodisperse gas in what concerns the degree of rotational/translational energy nonequipartition. This effect requires the mass of a disk of component $i$ to be approximately proportional to $2\sigma_i+\langle\sigma\rangle$, where $\sigma_i$ is the diameter of the disk and $\langle\sigma\rangle$ is the mean diameter.