Tenascin C is a prognostic determinant and potential cancer-associated fibroblasts marker for breast ductal carcinoma

Abstract Tenascin C (TNC) is a key of extracellular matrix glycoprotein and highly express in numerous human malignancies. Herein, we attempted to clarify the clinicopathological significance of TNC as a prognostic determinant of breast ductal carcinoma. Then, we investigated TNC immunohistochemical expression in 150 breast ductal carcinomas and 27 normal breast tissue samples. Clinical relevance of TNC expression and the association TNC expression with other factors related to cancer-associated fibroblasts were also examined. In results, TNC expression was significantly higher in breast ductal carcinoma (56.0%) than normal breast tissues (25.9%). The upregulation TNC in cancer stromal were associated with pT stage ( P  = 0.003), lymph node metastasis ( P  = 0.002) and tumor node metastasis stage ( P  = 0.001), also was correlated with an increase in tumor-associated macrophage population ( P P P P P  = 0.002) and Vimentin ( P  = 0.049) were significantly correlation with the lower OS ( P P P  = 0.001) and Vimentin ( P