Variabilidad en la hospitalización de lactantes con gastroenteritis

2008 
espanolIntroduccion: El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la variabilidad de presentacion de las gastroenteritis agudas en nuestro medio. Pacientes y metodos: La poblacion de estudio estuvo constituida por 2.309 pacientes menores de 24 meses de edad, ingresados con diagnostico de gastroenteritis. Se realizo un cultivo de heces en todos los casos y fueron clasificados, segun la etiologia, mediante la CIE-9-MC, como infecciosas, viricas, bacterianas y no infecciosas. Se tuvieron en cuenta las siguientes variables: sexo (hombre/mujer), edad (meses), dias de estancia, fecha de ingreso y fallecimiento. Se llevo a cabo un analisis descriptivo y, ademas, el test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, la prueba de la t de Student y de la ji al cuadrado con prueba exacta de Fisher. El analisis ritmometrico se llevo a cabo mediante la transformada rapida de Fourier, con ajuste de modelos mediante metodo cosinor con varios armonicos. Resultados: Ingresaron por gastroenteritis el 18,9% de los pacientes; eran de tipo infecciosa el 35% y virica el 25,5%. La edad media de presentacion de las gastroenteritis viricas fue de 10,84 meses, mientras que en las no viricas fue de 11,74 meses, con un dia mas de estancia hospitalaria en el primer grupo. El analisis cosinor muestra un componente ritmico con un periodo de 12 meses en el global de las gastroenteritis, subgrupo de viricas y no viricas, con acrofase a finales de marzo. Conclusiones: Las gastroenteritis presentan un patron estacional, con ritmo circanual y periodo de 12 meses, mas patente en las gastroenteritis viricas que en las no viricas. EnglishBackground: The aim of this study was to analyze the vari¬ability of epidemiological and clinical findings in gastroenteritis in our setting. Methods: We studied 2,309 patients, aged between 0 and 24 months, admitted with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. Stools were cultured and examined for a variety of enteropathogens, which were classified as infectious, viral, bacterial and noninfectious (CIE-9-MC). We considered the following variables: sex (male/female), age (months), hospital stay (days), date of admission and mortality. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t test and the chi-square test with Fisher's exact test were applied. Rhythmicity was analyzed using fast Fourier transform, and variations in rhythm were assessed by the cosinor model, with different harmonics. Results: Overall, 18.9% of the hospital admissions were due to gastroenteritis (35% of infectious etiology and 25.5% of viral etiology). The mean age of infants with viral gastroenteritis was 10.84 months, whereas in cases produced by nonviral pathogens, it was 11.74 months. Patients with viral gastroenteritis were hospitalized one day longer than those with gastroenteritis due to nonviral agents. The cosinor analysis revealed the presence of a rhythmic component, with 12-month duration in overall cases of gastroenteritis, and in viral and nonviral gastroenteritis. The acrophase was around the 12th week of the year. Conclusions: Gastroenteritis exhibits a seasonal pattern, with a 12-month circannual rhythm, which is more evident in viral gastroenteritis than in cases produced by nonviral pathogens.
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