Environmentally friendly welding technologies for advanced materials

Environmentally friendly welding methods applied in the welding of advanced materials are reviewed in this article. Friction welding, diffusion welding and vacuum soldering are discussed. The possibility of friction welding's application in the case of metals and elastic materials (e.g. Al2O3), is presented on the basis of an analysis of the existing literature, as well as the author's and his doctoral students’ own papers. Non-uniform distribution of pressure, deformations and temperature upon welded surfaces during the welding process is discovered. The influence of Al diffusion into Al2O3 on the state of proper stresses in a joint is determined. The diffusion coefficient of Al into Al2O3 is estimated at a level of 1.8 × 10 − 13 ms− 1, and the size of stresses caused by diffusion is from 0.2 to 0.8 MPa. The intermetallic Fe–Al type alloys welded with construction steel with diffusion methods are characterized by high tensile strength from 304 to 362 MPa. An exemplary utilization of the discussed welding...