Clinical approach to pediatric neck masses. Retrospective analysis of 98 cases

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric neck masses (PNMs) are a frequently encountered problem in otorhinolaryngology practice. The clinical approach to cervical masses in childhood varies from that of adults. Due to differences among clinicians in the assessment of a PNM, studies investigating this subject are significant contributions to the literature. For this reason, a review was conducted of pediatric PNM cases with an open biopsy (incisional/excisional) and a histopathological diagnosis. METHODS: The hospital records of 98 (34 girls, 64 boys) pediatric patients aged between 8.5 months and 16 years were reviewed. The history, physical examination findings, blood tests, medical treatments, imaging reports, and the pathology and/or microbiology results of the patients were recorded and evaluated. The cervical masses were categorized according to the etiology, imaging features, size, and location. RESULTS: Surgical biopsy was planned due to the suspicion of malignancy, typical clinical presentation or location, or size greater than 20 mm despite antibiotherapy for 2 to 6 weeks. Excisional biopsy (91.8%) was the first choice for histopathological sampling. Infectious masses were observed most commonly, followed by congenital and neoplastic masses, at a rate of 49%, 27.6%, and 23.4%, respectively. Hodgkin lymphoma was the most frequent type of malignancy (39.1%). Thyroglossal and branchial cysts constituted 74.1% of congenital masses. Sixty-seven percent of all masses were solid, and the lateral levels of the neck were the most affected locations (44.9%). CONCLUSION: In most cases, the diagnosis can be made with a detailed history and physical examination. In the presence of nonspecific findings, blood tests, imaging, and histopathological sampling are required. Ultrasound should be the first preference for imaging, and excisional biopsy is suggested rather than fine needle aspiration biopsy for histopathological sampling in pediatric neck masses.