Diagnosis of ureteral duplication associated with complications

: In three patients (mean age about 3 years) we established excretory tract duplication with obstructed ectopic ureter, a function of the upper pole and ectopic ureterocele. Diagnostic procedure was different in each case. Ultrasonography was the most important diagnostic method in all cases; it usually showed all main morphological details, regardless of functional ability of the kidney. To complete diagnosis, we used additional methods: antegrade pyelography and percutaneous nephrotomy. Excretory urography and voiding cystography gave only indirect signs of a functional part of duplicated excretory tract. The methods we used were complementary and they should rationally be combined in order to complete the diagnosis of ureteral duplication with complications.