Diagnostic Performance of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT for Detection of Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Systematic Review and a Bivariate Meta-Analysis

Background: Some studies evaluated the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET or PET/CT) for the detection of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). As there is no clear consensus about the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging methods, we performed a meta-analysis on this topic. Methods: A comprehensive computer literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases through December 2019 was performed. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT for detection of PTLD were calculated. Results: Five studies reporting data on the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT in 336 transplant recipients were included in the systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for detection of PTLD were 89.7% (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 84.6–93.2%) and 90.9% (95%CI: 85.9–94.3%), respectively. Pooled LR+, LR−, and DOR were 8.9 (95%CI: 5.7–14), 0.13 (95%CI: 0.08–0.2), and 70.4 (95%CI: 35.4–140), respectively. A significant heterogeneity among studies was not detected. Conclusions: Despite limited literature data, 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT demonstrated good diagnostic performance for the detection of PTLD, but large prospective studies are needed to strengthen these findings.