High-energy cathode materials for Li-ion batteries: A review of recent developments

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) represent one of the most promising solutions for environmentally friendly transportation such as electric vehicles. The demand for high energy density, low cost and environmentally friendly batteries makes high-capacity cathode materials very attractive for future LIBs. Layered LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 ( x + y + z =1), Li-rich oxides and Li-V-O compounds have attracted much attention due to their high capacities in recent years. In this review, we focus on the state-of-the-art research activities related to LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 , Li-rich oxides and Li-V-O compounds, including their structures, reaction mechanisms during cycling, challenges and strategies that have been studied to improve their electrochemical performances.