Computer Simulation of Paratrooper Deployment by Static Line from A400M

Abstract : A computer simulation with the capability to predict paratrooper deployment is presented. The deployment process is split into three phases, which are analyzed using different theoretical approaches. A finite-element approach is used to simulate the bowing of the parachute under the aerodynamic loads, which occurs during extraction from the deployment bag. Canopy inflation is modeled by the semiempirical Pflanz-Ludtke method. The results obtained agree well with photographic and video data of actual paratroop jumps. To model deployment within the non-uniform flow field around the A400M, a methodology that makes use of data from wind tunnel tests and CFD calculations is proposed. The corresponding simulations are used to analyze the risk of crossover -- a potentially lethal condition, where paratroopers are drawn towards the centerline behind the aircraft.