Recurrence of primary umbilical endometriosis:case report and review of the literature

The authors report the case of a 33-year-old nulliparous patient with recurrence of primary spontaneous cutaneous umbilical endometriosis and no history of abdominal or pelvic surgery. The literature describing similar cases is reviewed. Primary endometriosis at extrapelvic sites, and umbilical endometriosis in particular, is very uncommon. The diagnosis is confirmed only by histopathological examination, specifically hematoxylin and eosin staining. Conservative surgical excision with wide margins is the recommended treatment. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment for endometriosis is based on medications which induce endometrial atrophy, such as gonadotropin releasing hormone superactive analogs, or oral estrogen-progestogen formulations given continuously