Cortical β-Amyloid Burden, Gray Matter, and Memory in Adults at Varying APOE ε4 Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract Models of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) propose that cerebral amyloidosis leads to neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive decline. This study investigated whether APOE genotype is related to β-amyloid (Aβ) burden in brain regions preferentially affected by AD and whether Aβ burden is associated with gray-matter (GM) fraction (as a marker of neurodegeneration) and episodic memory performance in cognitively normal middle-aged individuals at varying genetic risk for AD. Three groups of cognitively normal participants aged 50–65 years with a first-degree family history of AD ( APOE genotype e4e4 [n = 15], e3e4 [n = 15], and e3e3 [n = 15]) underwent [ 11 C]PiB positron emission tomography scans to quantify cortical Aβ, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychological testing. APOE e4e4 participants demonstrated significantly higher cortical Aβ burden than APOE e3e3 ( p p  = 0.017) but not episodic memory performance. In cognitively normal, middle-aged individuals, Aβ burden is significantly associated with GM fraction but not episodic memory performance. These findings are consistent with models of preclinical AD in which neurodegeneration occurs before manifest cognitive decline.