High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Compared to Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Blood Donors in Bangui
2020
Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) infection is a public
health problem worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: to compare the
epidemiological, clinical and biological characteristics of chronic HBV and HIV infection in blood donors at the National Center
for Blood Transfusion (NCBT) in Bangui. Patients and Methods: This was
an 8-month analytical cross-sectional study from August 10, 2011 to April 9,
2012. During this study, we consecutively enrolled consenting blood donors of
both sexes in which the search for HBsAg and HIV infection was carried out. Results: During the study
period, 850 blood donors were collected. HBsAg was found in 142 donors (16.7%), of whom 55 blood donors (6.5%)
were coinfected with HIV. On the other hand, HIV serology was positive in 77
blood donors (9.1%) including 55 co-infected (6.5%) with HBV. In order to
better compare the risk factors, we have not included HIV-HBV coinfected
patients. Only 795 blood donors were selected for the risk factor study. There
were 87 cases of HBsAg positive (10.9%) and 22 cases of HIV positive (2.8%). The average age of HIV and HBV infected patients
was 25.7 and 26.2 years, respectively.
Twelve blood donors (1.5%) over the age of 20 were HBsAg versus 3 HIV
positive blood donors (0.4%). Among blood donors over the age of 20, 75 (9.9%)
were HBsAg positive, while 19 (2.4%) were HIV positive. Men were infected with
HIV in 20 cases (2.5%), while those infected with HBV were 84 (10.6%). The risk
factor found during HIV infection and HBV was unprotected sex with a p of 0.0038
and 0.0017 respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV infection is
higher than that of HIV among blood donors in Bangui.
The setting up of a national viral hepatitis control program, which will develop screening, treatment and vaccination actions could make the
curve bend.
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