Endothelin‑1 (ET‑1) induces resistance to bortezomib in human multiple myeloma cells via a pathway involving the ETB receptor and upregulation of proteasomal activity

Purpose Bortezomib (BTZ) is used for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). However, a significant proportion of patients may be refractory to the drug. This study aimed to investigate whether the endothelin (ET-1) axis may act as an escape mechanism to treatment with bortezomib in MM cells.