Assessment of Perfused Peripapillary Capillaries and Peripapillary Capillary Density Maps in Glaucoma Patients

Introduction Monitoring and diagnosing glaucoma until 2017 included funduscopy, IOP measurements, gonioscopy, pachymetry, as well as visual field tests, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) can be observed by fluorescein angiography, as well as histologically - superficial and deep capillary layer. Aim To correlate density of radial peripapillary capillary network (RPC) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eight peripapillary segments in patients with a primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) which have the disease under 10 years of duration, over 10 years of duration and in a group of healthy patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional review which included three groups of patients: POAG patients under 10 years of disease duration, over 10 years of disease duration and control group of patients. The study is performed on the commercial optical coherence tomography angiography system (AngioVue, Avanti RTVue-XR, Optovue, CA). Sectoral RPC density values, RPC maps and RNFL thickness were analyzed in three groups of patients, data was compared and correlation between parameters was examined. Results Mean RPC Density values in both superior segments (S1, S2) were significantly lower in patients with glaucoma over 10 years of disease duration compared to patients with glaucoma under 10 years of disease duration (p<0.05). Statistically significant positive correlation was established between RNFL thickness and RPC density in all eight peripapillary segments. Conclusion Analysis of radial peripapillary capillary network density on optical coherence tomography angiography may provide an earliest functional sign of progressive optic nerve disease and new insights into the pathophysiology of glaucomatous damage.