Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation after Receiving Cancer Chemotherapy under Administration of Leuprorelin Acetate

An 88-year-old man was admitted for elevated liver enzyme levels. Nine years earlier, the patient had been diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and undergone rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, oncovin, prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy. This patient previously had had a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection before chemotherapy. After the chemotherapy, he was administered an LHRH agonist for prostate cancer. We diagnosed him with HBV reactivation because of positive serum HBV-DNA. HBV reactivation can occur a long time after chemotherapy, particularly if another treatment with immunity-altering drugs is added. In such cases, additional surveillance may be required to detect HBV reactivation.