Double vitrification of rat embryos at different developmental stages using an identical protocol

Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to test the effectiveness of a method of vitrifying rat embryos at different stages of development (from early morula to expanding blastocyst) in a double vitrification procedure. Wistar rat embryos were vitrified and warmed in super-fine open-pulled straws (SOPS). Before being plunged into liquid nitrogen, the embryos were exposed to 40% ethylene glycol+0.75 M sucrose in TCM-199+20% fetal calf serum (FCS) for 20 s at 38 °C. Subsequent warming and direct rehydration of the embryos was conducted in culture medium (TCM-199+20% FCS) at 38 °C. Early morula stage (7–10 blastomeres) embryos ( n =358) were vitrified, warmed and cultured in vitro (EM group). Batches of these embryos were then cryopreserved again (revitrified) at the early blastocyst (EB group, n =87), blastocyst (B group, n =93) or expanding blastocyst stage (ExpB group, n =73). After the first (EM group) and repeated (EB, B, and ExpB groups) vitrification procedures, developmental rates of 81, 83, 34 and 76%, respectively were achieved (for EM–EB–ExpB P >0.1; for EM, EB, ExpB-B P