Effects of the venom of the brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus) on isolated smooth muscles

Aqueous extract of the spines of the brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus Lesueur, 1819) caused contraction of the guinea-pig small intestine in vitro, a widely-used preparation in pharmacology. The action is dependent on extracellular Ca2+, and probably takes place on the smooth muscle cells. Mouse gastrointestinal preparations were also contracted by the extract. Stings by the spines of this fish species causes a painful sensation in man. We tested the effect of an extract of spines in isolated organ experiments on innervated smooth muscle preparations. In the guinea-pig ileum, the response to the extract was abolished by the Ca2+-channel blocker nifedipine, but only slightly reduced by atropine (a muscarine receptor antagonist) or tetrodotoxin (TTX; a blocker axonal conduction) or antagonists for P2X purinoceptors. Blocking of serotonin or histamine H1 receptors, tachykinin NK1 receptors, functional impairment of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings or inhibition of cyclo-oxygenases failed t...