Graphene Array-Based Anti-fouling Solar Vapour Gap Membrane Distillation with High Energy Efficiency

New concept of solar vapour gap membrane distillation (SVGMD) is based on synergizing of nanochannel-guided water transport, localized heating, and membrane separation from feed solution. First-time introduction of the gap enables long-term stability and non-fouling membrane. SVGMD exhibits a solar-water energy efficiency higher than state-of-the-art solar vapour systems.