A Foreground Calibration for M-Channel Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters Based on Genetic Algorithm

The time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter has shown to be a key component of the latest ultra-wide band systems. Unfortunately, the sub-analog-to-digital converters are prone to parameter deviations caused by process-voltage-temperature, which can affect the output linearity. This article presents a foreground time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter mismatch calibration, which is one of the few available in the literature that can be adapted to any interleaving factor and calibrate overall frequency-dependent mismatches. Moreover, the proposed scheme is highly suited to state-of-the-art transceivers without the need for extra analog expensive circuitry or input signal purity. The foreground signal and correction structure complexity are greatly alleviated due to the developed mismatch detection and genetic algorithm logic. Numerical simulations and measurement results are presented. A commercial 3.6-GS/s time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter was utilized to verify the algorithm performance and experimental issues regarding mixed mismatches are addressed.